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Abstract

To date, the issue of horizontal shareholding has been a purely academic topic. This is no longer the case. Horizontal shareholding—also known as “common ownership”—occurs when an investor acquires shares of two competing companies. For example, take the airline industry. In the United States, there are four main airlines, all of which are publicly traded. Suppose an investor acquires shares of both Delta Air Lines, Inc. and Southwest Airlines Co. Because this investor owns shares of these two competing airlines, this investor is a horizontal shareholder. This practice is not uncommon.

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